At which phase of flight does a small aircraft face more danger when encountering wind shear?

Small aircraft are particularly vulnerable to wind shear during the takeoff and landing phases of flight. This is primarily due to the operating characteristics and lower altitudes at which these phases occur. Wind shear, which refers to a sudden change in wind speed or direction, can have immediate and severe effects on an aircraft's performance and handling, particularly when close to the ground.

During takeoff, a small aircraft is typically at a lower speed and obtaining lift, making it more susceptible to sudden changes in wind. If a downdraft occurs, it can lead to a rapid loss of altitude. Similarly, during landing, any abrupt changes in wind can significantly affect approach angles and landing stability, which can result in mishaps if a pilot doesn't respond quickly enough.

In contrast, during cruising flight, an aircraft operates at higher altitudes and speeds where it typically can better absorb the effects of wind shear, having more room to recover. Climbing and descending phases also present risks, but the narrow margins for error and proximity to the ground during takeoff and landing make these the most hazardous times for encountering wind shear.