How are air masses classified?

Air masses are classified primarily by their moisture content and temperature. This classification is crucial because the characteristics of an air mass—specifically its humidity and thermal properties—directly influence weather patterns and conditions.

An air mass is defined as a large body of air that has relatively uniform temperature and humidity throughout. The moisture component reflects whether the air mass is dry or humid, which is determined by the region over which it forms. For instance, air masses originating over oceans tend to be moist, while those that form over land are usually drier. Similarly, the temperature classification—cold or warm—is based on the source region, such as polar or tropical areas.

By applying both factors—moisture and temperature—meteorologists can predict how air masses will interact when they move, such as if they will lead to precipitation, storms, or clear weather. Understanding these characteristics allows for more accurate weather forecasting and analysis of atmospheric dynamics.