What type of air traffic management primarily occurs at airports during taxiing and ground operations?

The correct answer focuses on Ground Control, which is a specific type of air traffic management dedicated to managing aircraft movements on the ground, including during taxiing and other ground operations. Ground Control is responsible for directing aircraft on taxiways, ensuring safe distances between aircraft and facilitating their movement to and from runways and gates. This is essential for maintaining efficiency and safety at airports, as it helps prevent collisions and manage the flow of traffic on the ground.

In the context of the other options, En route Management primarily deals with aircraft that are in flight, guiding them safely from one point to another in the airspace. Terminal Control involves managing the airspace around an airport but is principally concerned with the phases of flight during takeoff and landing rather than ground operations. Flight Planning refers to the process of developing a flight's route and does not relate directly to the management of aircraft while they are on the ground. Thus, Ground Control is specifically tailored to the requirements of airport ground operations.